Introduction: Certain areas of the human brain display a higher level of activity during rest than when the individual is presented with a certain stimulus. How this resting-state activity interacts… Read this article >

Introduction: A punishment is any aversive event that an animal will expend energy to avoid; in this context, it is operationally opposite to reward. Anxiety, fear, and pain are all… Read this article >

Introduction: There have been numerous studies indicating that self-related processing is distinct from other cognitive processing. In particular, self-related stimuli (for example, one’s own name) have been proven to capture… Read this article >

Introduction: Interoceptive awareness is the ability to perceive signals arising from the body. This sensitivity is an important factor in theories of emotions, which describe a connection between interocpetive awareness… Read this article >